tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20649258189921683712024-03-05T05:53:42.439-04:00Bermuda BREAMA blog about what we are doing at the Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring Programme (B.R.E.A.M.) - a Bermudian non-profit organizationUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger160125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-30596414561437199812023-02-07T11:01:00.001-04:002023-02-07T11:01:32.729-04:00The Bermuda Inshore Waters Investigation reports from 1975 through 1982 (3 reports)<p> These reports, published by the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc, back in the 1970s and 1980s, provide a critical view of the state of Bermuda's inshore waters.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/2g2f2yno4181uxa/BIWI%2015.pdf?dl=0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BBSR Special Publication 15</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/fv34hz6n3qd09g7/BIWI%2017.pdf?dl=0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BBSR Special Publication 17</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/3qd0dg2ih2k303s/BIWI%2018.pdf?dl=0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BBSR Special Publication 18</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-3769119370266071212023-01-09T11:32:00.000-04:002023-01-09T11:32:18.216-04:00Summary of " Status and Trends of Bermuda Reefs and Fishes : 2016"<p> </p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: medium;"><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.65069580078125" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="78.8145751953125" x="72.9513549804688" y="-696.099975585938">Murdoch TJT (201</text><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.07666015625" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="4.70303344726562" x="152.861602783203" y="-696.099975585938">8</text><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.65069580078125" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="186.598083496094" x="158.602386474609" y="-696.099975585938">) Status and Trends of Bermuda Reefs and </text><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.5072021484375" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="151.656463623047" x="348.757354736328" y="-696.099975585938">Fishes: 2016 Report Card. BREAM:</text><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.55133056640625" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="442.626770019531" x="72.9513549804688" y="-682.659973144531">Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring Programme Report, Bermuda Zoological Society,</text><text class="_textbox_1gl8y_17" data-test="textbox" direction="ltr" height="7.6617431640625" lengthadjust="spacingAndGlyphs" style="background-color: #f7f5f2; font-family: SymbolMT, serif;" textlength="234.467559814453" x="72.9513549804688" y="-669.220031738281">Flatt’s. Bermuda. Bermuda Biodiversity Project #266</text></span></h2><p>Link: <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/6xicq6y7x8cvuii/BREAM%20LTEM%20Report%202016%2055p.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Here</a></p><p></p><div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Synopsis<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Coral reefs provide vital protection of
Bermuda’s shores from storms, and attract the people who support Bermuda’s
thriving tourism and international business economies. This report presents the
findings of the second year of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>comprehensive monitoring surveys of fish
stocks and coral reef condition across the entire Bermuda Platform, since 2010,
at 39 sites distributed across 4 zones: Inner Lagoon, Outer Lagoon, Rim Reef
and 10-m Forereef, by the Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring (BREAM)
Long-term Ecological Monitoring (LTEM) programme. We used the newly developed
IUCN GCRMN Caribbean reef monitoring protocol, and international standard for
fish and reef monitoring. The GCRMN protocol focuses on various kinds of
information about local reefs and reef fish populations:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Fish abundance and biomass of
commercially-exploited predatory fishes, plant-eating (herbivorous) fishes and
other fish groups. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Benthic assemblage structure:
cover of hard corals, fleshy macroalgae and other sessile reef organisms.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Abundance of juvenile hard corals
and coral diseases that influence the future condition of reef corals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Abundance of mobile meso-faunal
invertebrates such as lobsters, plant-eating sea urchins and other reef
animals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">In this report, we utilize a four-component
index of reef condition, called the Sea Life Index (SLI), which we introduced
in 2016 in the report on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the “Baseline
Status of Bermuda’s Reefs and Fishes” (Murdoch and Murdoch 2016). We compared
our baseline data from the same 39 sites to new data collected in the summers
of 2015 and 2016, using a team of trained scientific divers. Each reef was
surveyed with replication using standardized scientific methods. The results of
the 2016 monitoring assessment are summarized below, ranked by the strength of
their potential impact.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Main Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Sea Life
Index (SLI) for the Bermuda reef ecosystem as a whole region, shown below,
remains <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Fair</u></b>.<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">The SLI for each
reef zone are shown below. SLI, and each component factor, improves as the
distance from shore of each zone increases. This implies that human factors are
in part driving reef condition, and, since policy and resource management is
focussed on human behaviours, that reef condition can be improved though
management and conservation in ways that would improve reef health.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-CzQj8Um_OzQK8Oy0l0R9blB7cN-MomVQ0qlC5QuUchKXt0dTJI__cUwESe86w4_kA9Eji250-EF0bjIZaGtyw5idNdOGpf2drrtWRVzuPmDSEkahcWtwh_t7eLL4jP04gLtcrHLZSQn5MHWEUZFNw8LQRZ1bnc2YhaieuTs3w8AeXBqLPVUBjdfD" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="974" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-CzQj8Um_OzQK8Oy0l0R9blB7cN-MomVQ0qlC5QuUchKXt0dTJI__cUwESe86w4_kA9Eji250-EF0bjIZaGtyw5idNdOGpf2drrtWRVzuPmDSEkahcWtwh_t7eLL4jP04gLtcrHLZSQn5MHWEUZFNw8LQRZ1bnc2YhaieuTs3w8AeXBqLPVUBjdfD=w440-h111" width="440" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<div align="center">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 518px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: .3in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="right" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><a name="_Hlk514316781"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">STATUS:<o:p></o:p></span></b></a></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: red; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Critical</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #FFC000; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Poor</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Fair</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #92D050; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Good</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #00B0F0; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .3in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .9in;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Very Good</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk514316781;"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-indent: .25in;"><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">Positive Results</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></div><div class="WordSection2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 4.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 98%px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk504564062"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Factor<o:p></o:p></span></b></a></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Status<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Regional Trend<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Action<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sea Life Index</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fair<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Herbivorous Fishes – Biomass<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00B0F0; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Very Good<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↑<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">NO<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Invasive Lionfish - Abundance<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00B0F0; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Very Good<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">NO</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Hard Corals –
Cover<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #92D050; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Good</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" valign="top" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">NO</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Crustose
Coralline Algae, Turfs, Bare Rock (CTB) – Cover<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #92D050; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Good</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" valign="top" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">NO</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Juvenile Hard
Corals<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.88%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fair</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.32%;" width="11%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.22%;" valign="top" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">NO</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk504564062;"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>
<div class="WordSection3">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Overall, the SLI is Fair, but
Stable. This indicates that reef and fish health across the four zones of the region
should be improved, through directed marine resource management, while the
ecosystem still retains the natural capacity for improvement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Herbivorous Fishes were found
to be in Very Good (very abundant) and increasing condition across the region,
and were seen to be in higher densities in the Outer Lagoon, Rim and 10-m
Forereef zones in 2016 relative to 2015 and the Baseline surveys. Bermuda’s two
decades of protection of parrotfishes, following the 1990 fish pot ban, seems
to be working. Surgeonfishes protection should also be considered, since these
unregulated fish species are large and abundant enough to be the target of
harvest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Invasive Lionfish were not
observed in any of the 37 sites in 2016. This Very Good (absent) status contrasts
sharply with most Caribbean countries. For example, lionfish were observed in
over 25% of reef sites across the Mesoamerican region when using the same
survey methods (Healthy Reefs Initiative 2017). The rarity of lionfish in
Bermuda. specifically in shallow water reefs where juvenile parrotfish have
their strongest impact to reef health, is very positive news. Eddy et al (2016)
determined that juvenile parrotfishes are not a major component of the diet of
Bermuda lionfish. Additional analysis of the BREAM LTEM data of juvenile
parrotfish abundance may further illustrate the lack of ecological impact by
lionfish across the shallow reef platform.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Hard Corals remain in Good (high)
cover in 2016, with little change from 2015 or the Baseline surveys. Hard
Corals rely on the other reef factors to remain resilient to change.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">CTB was generally in Good (high)
cover, but did decline on the 10-m Forereef zone. However, since Hard Corals
were observed to increase in 2016 in the same zone, the reduction in CTB may be
a natural consequence of this otherwise beneficial change to the 10-m Forereef
habitat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Juvenile Corals were Fair
(moderately abundant) and unchanging over the survey periods. Positive news.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div class="WordSection4"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-indent: .25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Negative Results<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 99%px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Factor</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Status</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Regional
Trend</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Action</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Predatory Fishes – Biomass<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Critical</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Territorial Damselfishes – Abundance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Poor</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↑↑↑</span></b><b><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Herbivorous Snails & Hermit Crabs – Abundance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Critical</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↓↓↓</span></b><b><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Herbivorous Sea Urchins – Abundance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Critical</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Coral Diseases & Bleaching – Prevalence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Poor</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" valign="top" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">YES<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.1%;" width="64%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fleshy Macroalgae – Cover<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.3%;" width="14%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Poor</span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0%;" width="12%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">↔</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 9.6%;" width="9%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">YES</span></b><b><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ligatures: none;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Predatory Fishes remain in
Critical (very low) condition across the platform, due to overfishing. These
fishes play a vital role in maintaining the condition of the ecology of
Bermuda’s coral reefs. Management actions to reduce the catch and increase the
protection of large and mid-sized groupers, snappers and sharks, should be a
national priority.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Territorial Damselfish are in
Poor (high) abundance in 2016, and have increased substantially and
significantly since both the Baseline surveys and 2015. Their biomass has
doubled in Lagoon since Baseline. This needs to be addressed by improving
stocks of snappers and mid-sized groupers (i.e. meso-predatory fishes) on
lagoonal reefs. We also recommend that the relationship between territorial
damselfishes, the coral they harm, and the meso-predatory fishes that keep
territorial damselfishes in check be assessed further. It may also be useful to
close fishing on 2 to 4 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lagoonal patch
reefs for 2-3 years, to see if a reduction in human fishing pressure allows the
recovery of meso-predatory fishes and a subsequent reduction in the abundance
of coral-damaging territorial damselfishes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Microherbivorous Snails and
Hermit Crabs were in Critical (low) condition, declining substantially in 2015
and more so in 2016 relative to Baseline surveys. The microherbivores maintain
crustose-coralline algae habitat, which is critical for the recruitment of new
hard corals. An increase in predation or in mortality caused by disease or
pollution may have caused the decline. Focused surveys of the important
Microherbivore group should be done as soon as possible across the Rim and 10-m
Forereef zones.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Herbivorous Sea Urchins were
observed to remain in Critical (very low) condition in 2016, with an additional
decline in abundance on the 10-m Forereef. It may be that predation has increased
on this now rare group of sea urchins, and we recommend adding sea urchin
predators such as triggerfishes to the fish assessments in future surveys. In
addition, echinoderms including sea urchins often are very patchily distributed
on the scales of 100-m to 10-km. Large-scale drift surveys across the Rim and
10-m Forereef zones, which document the location and extent of high-density
patches of sea urchins are advised.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Coral Disease was seen to be
Poor (high) in both the Rim and 10-m Forereef, with substantial increases in
coral disease in the Rim reef zone. It is recommended that further study on the
dynamics and changes in coral disease in these zones be carried out as soon as
possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Fleshy Macroalgae remains in
Poor (high) condition in 2016, and was seen to be significantly higher in the
Inner Lagoon zone compared to Baseline and 2015. Inner Lagoonal reefs are in
particularly poor condition. Further research into the ecology of these nearshore
lagoonal reefs is required to determine the specific causes of damage and how
to resolve them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Recommendations for Action<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The following recommendations are based on
the condition of each factor (above) assessed in the project:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">The restoration of grouper and
snapper stocks, their enhanced protection, and improved management of all
predatory fishes and sharks, to prevent future declines should be a national
priority.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Determine whether macroalgae
continues to increase in cover within the Inner Lagoon, and the causes for its
increase.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Further study of the dynamics
and changes in coral disease in Bermuda should be carried out as soon as
possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">The relationship between
territorial damselfishes, the coral they harm, and the meso-predators that keep
territorial damselfishes in check be assessed further. It may also be useful to
close fishing on a very small number of lagoonal patch reefs for 2 to 4 years,
to see if a reduction in human fishing pressure allows the recovery of
meso-predatory fishes, and a subsequent reduction in the abundance of
coral-damaging territorial damselfishes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Add sea urchin predators to the
fish assessments in future surveys. In addition, echinoderms including sea
urchins often are very patchily distributed on the scales of 100-m to 10-km.
Large-scale drift surveys across the Rim and 10-m Forereef zones, which
document the location and extent of high-density patches of sea urchins is
advised.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Focused follow-up surveys of
the important Microherbivore group be undertaken as soon as possible across the
Rim and 10-m Forereef zones.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Additional Recommended Management Actions or Changes
to Policy<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB">In addition to the recommendations above, we recommend
that the following management strategies are implemented:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A: Support the Monitoring of
Coral Reefs and Fishes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">This report represents Bermuda’s national assessment
of the condition of our coral reefs and fishes, as part of the international
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network assessment of reefs across the Caribbean.
The project was partially funded by two non-government grants by the Bermuda
Zoological Society and the XL-Catlin End-to-End Marine Research Grant. However,
the project was only possible through the donation of a substantial amount of
time and resources by the BREAM programme and the Murdoch and Gosling families.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The Bermuda Government has committed to the protection
and management of Bermuda’s coral reefs and marine resources through the
creation of policy and via its commitments to several local and international
conventions, including the Bermuda Biodiversity Action Plan, the Convention on
Biological Diversity, the Convention of Migratory Species, and the Convention
of Wetlands of International Importance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">As such, future monitoring of the status and condition
of fishes and coral reefs should be supported and funded, at least to some
extent, by the Bermuda Government.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">B. Support the Development of
an Environmental Decision-Making Protocol<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Changes in each factor assessed within this BREAM LTEM
project should function as indicators that are directly linked to specific
management and conservation actions. It would be preferable that Government and
Non-Government stakeholders assisted in the development of an Environmental
Decision-Making Protocol (EDMP) that defined what actions were available and
appropriate responses to changes in the abundance or distribution or status of
each of the critical reef health indicators we assess in this report. The
development of an EDMP would accelerate the rate at which resource managers and
conservationist could respond to problematic changes in the condition of our
reefs or fish stocks, and would provide nationally accepted goals for marine
environmental health and resilience.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">C: Restoration of Predatory
Fish <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Populations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Enhance the stocks of groupers
by introducing a limited ban on the capture and sale of Black groupers during
their spawning period (as we currently do with spiny lobster), based on
evidence of the timing of their maximum aggregation at spawning sites.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Consider bag and size limits on
grey snappers, schoolmaster snappers, yellowtail snappers, graysbys and coneys.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Expand our knowledge of
juvenile predatory fish habitats, which are generally within the lagoon (patch
reefs), along the shore (nearshore), and within enclosed bays (inshore). Many
species of offshore reef fish, including predatory fish species, start life by
settling as juvenile fish to coastal habitats, only to move offshore as they
mature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Reduce coastal development and
pollution impacts to the marine environment, as many juvenile reef fishes are
found the inshore and nearshore waters first before they move to outer reef
areas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Design coastal structures such
as docks and breakwaters with rough surfaces or attachments, which mimic
natural habitat, so that they provide additional habitat for juvenile and adult
fishes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Restore coastal mangroves,
rocky intertidal and seagrass habitat, which all has declined substantially in
the past 75 years.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: -4.5pt; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">D. Expand Marine Spatial Protected
Areas</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamNumberedList" style="margin-left: -4.5pt; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Protected areas act as a marine resource “banks” and
provide “interest” in the form of continuously available fishes for commercial
and recreational harvest, through the spill-over effect, and enhanced
reproductive output. We recommend the expansion in the distribution of
protected areas that span the reef platform from inshore bays, along lagoonal
chains of reefs, out to the forereef. These areas are juvenile habitats that
are current threatened due to a lack of smaller predatory fishes and high
damselfish densities. Networks of protected reefs allow fish to transition from
zone to zone throughout their life cycle, by providing protected paths from
nearshore habitats to the lagoon, rim and forereef.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">E. Expand the Fishing
License Programme<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB">Recently the Fishing License programme was expanded to
include recreational spear fishers. We recommend that all recreational fishers
require a licence. This would include both those fishing from the shore and
those using marine craft. Access to fishing activity should not be financially
onerous to those with low income, however. No-cost licences to locals who use
hand lines within their parish of residence could be provided so that the
financially challenged retain access to fishing activities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">F. Recommendations for Environmental
Organizations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="EN-GB">Many of the recommended actions within this report are
also within the range of issues addressed by local environmental organizations.
We hope that these recommendations are adopted by local stakeholders. We offer
our services in providing the members of local non-government organizations
with lectures and information that supports the sharing of information on how
to better manage and improve the condition of Bermuda’s coral reefs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-59042880415448927172022-12-30T21:52:00.007-04:002022-12-30T22:18:52.494-04:00BREAM reports related to Marine Spatial Planning or Fish Stock Analysis<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuF-SUmhUEcWThLN5sf6F-kPFEUI3jO1NHDgtajakLSu9LnVA-h5BBd_obz7p_cds3dOQzwQR5rlbAEW07nt7Jni7bwE88ZkiGeJCrnXlGbEr8OWg_m4Eyg4n8dBOxBdCeNOTDXPL1UG4PAfMvl3HbTO640-yftc_cbS0QH80bHspuS-ILUCPOd2E5/s1234/Screenshot%202022-12-30%20214950.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="579" data-original-width="1234" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuF-SUmhUEcWThLN5sf6F-kPFEUI3jO1NHDgtajakLSu9LnVA-h5BBd_obz7p_cds3dOQzwQR5rlbAEW07nt7Jni7bwE88ZkiGeJCrnXlGbEr8OWg_m4Eyg4n8dBOxBdCeNOTDXPL1UG4PAfMvl3HbTO640-yftc_cbS0QH80bHspuS-ILUCPOd2E5/s320/Screenshot%202022-12-30%20214950.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Click each title below to launch a new window with the relevant report as pdf document</span></div><p></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/pa40p86c0d75mi8/BREAM_Seagrass2004Report_FINAL.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Murdoch TJT, Glasspool AG, Outerbridge M, Manuel SA (2004) The Status of Seagrass Habitats in Bermuda. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. . 137 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/3mq79tyh4ezl8da/BREAM_Benthic_MPA_Report_2008.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Murdoch TJT, Hammond PJ, Glasspool AF, Outerbridge M, Clee J, Shailer M, Colella M (2008) A multi-scale assessment of the benthic communities of Bermuda's shallow water platform, focusing on existing MPA's & control sites to enhance local management practices. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. 88 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/ciyuo983d7rmzvx/BREAM_Fish_MPA_Report_2008.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Hammond PJ, Murdoch TJT, Glasspool AF, Outerbridge M, Clee J, Shailer M, Colella M (2008) Assessment of Spatial Management Practices for Enhancing Fish Populations in Bermuda. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. 167 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/unuxxvnz3l3gnjs/Bermuda%20Spatial%20Planning_Katherine%20Yates.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Yates, K. (2010) Strategic Conservation Planning in Bermuda. Developing a Network of Marine Protected Areas for Bermuda. Masters Thesis. University of York, York, UK. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. 76 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/2zg3evgbt3qi60n/Murdoch_2016_BREAM_Baseline_Forereef_Report%2080p.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Murdoch TJT, Murdoch JMH (2016) Baseline Condition of the Coral Reefs and Fishes across Three Depth Zones of the Forereef of Bermuda. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. BBP-2016-237. 80 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/m33286hah0fdpfw/BREAM%20LTEM%20Report%202015%2042pp.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Murdoch TJT (2017) Status and Trends of Bermuda Reefs and Fishes: 2015 Report Card. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. BBP-2017-256. 42 pp.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/6xicq6y7x8cvuii/BREAM%20LTEM%20Report%202016%2055p.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Murdoch TJT (2018) Status and Trends of Bermuda Reefs and Fishes: 2016 Report Card. Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment and Mapping (BREAM) Programme, Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda. BBP-2017-256. 55 pp.</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Reef Watch - Citizen Science Fish and Reef Monitoring Reports</p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/c2nf1k6xazgqgt7/REEF%20WATCH%20Methods%20Manual%202014.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch Methods Manual 2014</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/6rjl4gtv5jdmxrx/Reef%20Watch%20Annual%20Report%202013%20-%20Murdoch.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch 2013</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/0ao96x9yknuwg6s/Reef%20Watch%20Annual%20Report%202014%20-%20Murdoch.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch 2014</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/l5nlyr805zl551r/Reef%20Watch%20Annual%20Report%202015%20-%20Murdoch.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch 2015</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/949l2g2xf5txzzq/Reef%20Watch%20Annual%20Report%202016%20-%20Murdoch.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch 2016</a></p><p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/xqx6280cbrwtbi4/Reef%20Watch%20Annual%20Report%202017%20Glasspool.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reef Watch 2017</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Bermuda32.3078 -64.75053.9975661638211548 -99.90675 60.618033836178846 -29.594250000000002tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-6597629513435120602022-12-29T17:04:00.003-04:002022-12-30T09:32:12.385-04:00Summary of BREAM Report: Baseline condition of the coral reefs and fishes across three depth zones of the forereef of Bermuda.<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p class="MsoSubtitle"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Murdoch TJT, Murdoch JMH (2016) Baseline condition of the coral reefs
and fishes across three depth zones of the forereef of Bermuda. BREAM: Bermuda
Reef Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring Programme Report, Bermuda Zoological
Society, Flatts Bermuda. BBP-2016-237.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoSubtitle"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Link <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/xd6zcnjriges5uc/Murdoch_2016_BREAM_Baseline_Forereef_Report%2080p.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">HERE</a></span></span></p><h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><a name="_Toc459813750"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">Synopsis</span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bermuda’s coral
reefs protect our beaches and coastal properties from erosion, and high coral
cover and abundant parrotfishes make our coral reefs healthy. Predatory fishes
like snappers and rockfishes play a critical role in maintaining reef health by
eating the kinds of fishes which damage corals and promote healthy herbivorous (plant-eating)
fish populations.</span></span></p><p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: arial;">In this report, we
provide clear evidence that historically abundant predatory fishes are rare and
at critically low biomass levels on Bermuda reefs. The cover of corals remains
high at forereef locations, but is lower at 30m depth, within the lagoon and
particularly at nearshore reefs, where marine plants are overly abundant and plant-eating
fishes are scarce.</span></span></p><p class="BreamBody" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: arial;">Long-term monitoring is required to determine whether reef
condition is stable or in decline across the Bermuda reef system. Unless we
better manage and protect our predatory reef fishes, the health of our reefs
will decline, reef erosion will increase, and beaches and coastal properties will
suffer substantial damage from increasing storm wave erosion in the coming
decades.</span></span></p><h1><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><a name="_Toc459813751"><span lang="EN-GB">Main Points</span></a></span></h1><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Bermuda’s coral reefs protect
our beaches and shores from coastal erosion by storms and hurricanes, and
provide appealing experiences for tourists.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Bermuda’s coral reefs are under
threat from global climate change and ocean acidification.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Coral reefs are most resilient
to these serious threats when predatory fishes including groupers and snappers,
and plant-eating parrotfishes and surgeonfishes are abundant.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">BREAM scientists measured the
amount of corals, marine plants, plant-eating fishes and predatory fishes
across all Bermuda forereef habitat in 2009 and 2011.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">We found that while corals and
plant-eating fishes are abundant, predatory fishes are much rarer than they
should be.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Commercial and recreational
fishing annually constitute only 0.7% of the economic value generated by the
services provided by Bermuda's coral reefs to our society. Yet we manage the
condition of our reefs as if they are primarily a fisheries concern.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Reef condition is really a
tourism and coastal protection issue, and should be managed accordingly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">We can restore predatory fish
populations by restricting the rate at which commercial and recreational
fishers catch groupers and snappers, limit the sale of key predatory fishes
during their spawning season, expand the seasonal prohibition and extent of protected
spawning areas where necessary, and enhance marine resource enforcement.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="BreamBulletList" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4pt 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -12.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">We can improve the resilience
of our coral reefs by recognizing that additional marine protected areas are
needed for certain species and habitats, such as our patch reefs and inshore
reefs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoSubtitle"><span lang="EN-GB" style="letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;">If
we ignore the critical loss of predatory fishes on our reefs, it is highly
likely that our coral reefs will erode away. In an era of rising sea level,
this condition will allow higher levels of storm wave impacts to threaten our
coastal properties and beaches, while also reducing the visual appeal of
Bermuda’s waters to both visitors and locals.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-77402815179124641022018-07-23T13:52:00.002-03:002018-07-23T13:52:57.292-03:00Bermuda's Open Ship Wrecks<span style="font-family: inherit;">Here is a google map of all the Open Wrecks in Bermuda, as posted by the Bermuda Government Department of Environment and Natural Resources. I fixed a couple of location errors. Use at your own risk, of course. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
More about Bermuda's ship wrecks can be seen at:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://environment.bm/shipwreck-legislation-overview/" target="_blank">https://environment.bm/shipwreck-legislation-overview/ </a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe height="480" src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1j2DGnJ4ocAyrL8Qyb6lAV6aCpXgjJVH3" width="640"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-63603249901805345992018-02-09T09:50:00.000-04:002018-02-09T09:50:15.916-04:00BREAM Long Term Monitoring Sites - Google MapWhile our maps and reports can be seen at <a href="http://www.bermudabream.org/">www.BermudaBREAM.org</a>, I thought it might be useful to show our long-term monitoring sites on Google Maps on our blog too.<br />
<br />
The dots on the map below show the location of the 39 sites we monitored in 2015 and 2016. The colours represent reef zones, as follows:<br />
<br />
Green: 10-m Forereef<br />
Yellow: Rim Reef<br />
Orange: Outer Lagoon<br />
Red: Inner Lagoon.<br />
<br />
*Colours are not an indication of reef condition.<br />
<br />
Our latest report, that compares reef condition in 2015 and 2016 with Baseline data from 10 years ago, is going through the final review and will be out soon!<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe height="480" src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1qJGgugARQ7ZCn-RPWnzq_75Y7pFbTHzh" width="640"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-88461360245814751172015-04-23T09:52:00.002-03:002023-08-23T10:27:34.750-03:00A new website for the Bermuda BREAM project - NOW CLOSED<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN0G_R86ye_r4veGWNAn09LVr62oswmNTEe5aYoGySnrC0cwhIFHbBaAdkJE-f2UcixkbW-k4lOPmjEAkHwMipzj7cJ6YfXcJ5z1TSIk3OdEwqQlaiQOVyRJvrMGSDwGR9O5PaP3eaikE/s1600/BREAM+website+homepage.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN0G_R86ye_r4veGWNAn09LVr62oswmNTEe5aYoGySnrC0cwhIFHbBaAdkJE-f2UcixkbW-k4lOPmjEAkHwMipzj7cJ6YfXcJ5z1TSIk3OdEwqQlaiQOVyRJvrMGSDwGR9O5PaP3eaikE/s1600/BREAM+website+homepage.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div><br /></div>We used to have a website at:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.bermudabream.org/" target="_blank">http://www.bermudaBREAM.org</a><br />
<br />
That link used to direct web traffic to this weblog - which is still active and accessible via links on the new website or at:
<a href="http://www.bermudabream.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">http://www.bermudaBREAM.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br /><br />That website is now closed but this blog will remain online.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-84082766397694518302014-12-18T14:02:00.000-04:002014-12-18T14:02:03.773-04:002014 Reef Watch Report presented to Minister for Health and Environment
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="LETTER.BLOCK79"></a>
<table align="right" class="imgCaptionTable" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center; width: 414px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="imgCaptionImg" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: #333333; text-align: center;" width="414">
<img border="0" height="269" hspace="0" name="ACCOUNT.IMAGE.756" src="https://files.ctctcdn.com/8ff84bc9201/2c5492b4-6239-42e6-a55a-7a9cfa0a2495.jpg" vspace="0" width="404" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="imgCaptionText" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;">
Dr. Thaddeus Murdoch presenting a copy of the 2014 Reef Watch Report to
the Hon. Jean Atherden, Minister for Health, Seniors & the
Environment.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span>The
Bermuda Zoological Society (BZS) is pleased to announce that the 2014
REEF Watch Report is now available to the public, and has also been
officially presented to the Hon. Jean Atherden, JP,
MP, Minister for Health & Environment.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span>The
report is a culmination of the data collected during REEF Watch 2014,
which was held on Saturday, June 28, and supported by lead sponsor,
Hiscox. During the one-day event, members of the
community were invited to participate in an island-wide effort to
monitor the health of Bermuda's reefs in support of the Bermuda Reef
Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring (BREAM) programme, led by chief
scientist, Dr. Thaddeus Murdoch.
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
Not only was
the event a huge success as a fundraiser for continued reef protection
and support of BREAM, it also provided scientists with an amazing amount
of data that would normally take months
to gather - including counting more than 4000 individual fishes
classified into nine main categories based on their important jobs on
the reef.
<span>More than 20 teams participated in the day's events, surveying 40
different patches of reefs located across Bermuda's north lagoon.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
The surveys
were conducted utilizing hula-hoops to help measure coral health and the
amount of seaweed and mobile reef inhabitants, like lobsters, found on
the lagoonal reefs.</div>
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<table align="left" class="imgCaptionTable" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center; width: 267px;">
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<img border="0" height="233" hspace="0" name="ACCOUNT.IMAGE.702" src="https://files.ctctcdn.com/8ff84bc9201/ab695de7-8264-4763-857f-cee975aa2d54.jpg" vspace="0" width="257" /></td>
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<div>
<em><strong>Dr. Robbie Smith participating in one of the 40 reef surveys that were conducted in June. ~ Photo by N. Pollard</strong></em></div>
</td>
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<span>"It
was great to spend time with all the Reef Watch participants and to hear
about their snorkeling experiences during REEF Watch Day 2014," Dr.
Murdoch said. "I am really pleased with the information
they collected. Their efforts confirmed for a second year that our reef
corals and plant-eating fishes remain healthy. Worryingly, our
commercial fish, such as grouper and snapper, were in very low numbers
across most reefs again this year. It is important
that all parts of the reef are healthy if they are to protect us from
big storms like Hurricane Gonzalo, and to continue to provide food for
future generations of Bermudian residents."</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
Predatory
fish, like groupers and snappers, are important in controlling numbers
of coral-killing damselfish that live on the reef. Parrotfish, doctor
fish, and chubs eat underwater plants that fight
for space with reef corals. Damselfish are native members of the reef
community, but when left unchecked, can cause damage to corals by
growing turf algae gardens on coral skeletons. A healthy reef has lots
of predatory fish and plant-eating (herbivorous)
fish, and few damselfish.</div>
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<td class="imgCaptionImg" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: #333333; font-size: 9pt; text-align: center;" width="272">
<img border="0" height="195" hspace="0" name="ACCOUNT.IMAGE.703" src="https://files.ctctcdn.com/8ff84bc9201/78964c31-bee3-4b3e-9639-8421906bc6cd.jpg" vspace="0" width="262" /></td>
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<div style="color: #4c4c4c; font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<em><strong>A
healthy Bermuda coral reef, with lots of corals, plant-eating fish and
predatory fish, and not much sea weed, near Chub Beacon, </strong></em><em style="font-size: 8pt;"><strong>west
of Sandys Parish.</strong></em></div>
<div>
<em><strong>Photograph </strong></em></div>
<div style="color: #4c4c4c; font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<em><strong>© 2014 TJT Murdoch </strong></em></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
<div style="font-size: 9pt;">
Analysis of the 2014 REEF Watch survey
indicates some good news and some bad news. While herbivorous fish were
highly abundant on more than 50% of the reefs surveyed and only rare on
the inshore reefs, where they do not naturally
live. However, we found that there were too few predators on reefs -
predators were only found to be "abundant" on 10% of reefs, and "highly
abundant" on only 7% of reefs. Conversely, over 80% of reefs were seen
to have very low to no predators.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
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Probably a
consequence of too few predatory fish being seen on the reefs,
damselfish were seen to be very abundant on more than 50% of reefs, and
abundant on another 30%. Only 17% of the reefs were
seen to have the low numbers of damselfish that are normally expected
to see if fish populations and coral reefs were in a healthy condition.
This pattern of too few predators and too many damselfish was also seen
in 2013.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<strong>A full copy of the 2014 REEF Watch Survey Report can be found online</strong></div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<strong>for download at: <a href="https://webmail.gov.bm/OWA/redir.aspx?C=0mcE39fwD0OSSA-Os_dSzRsd_TYS7NEI0J08-oIBrU0HlVTybnYGR8jvnwkC0SGK3fDuozlkNtc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fr20.rs6.net%2ftn.jsp%3ff%3d001IpaTA-uER73UAVavkcY68Kw3RfgeCUouZyIJQ8pNtaq9pYon6YpKCFLcgNe_MPxEQ-ZkeBqSZSpIgjuhqhefaVCSixphVm8Kz2oMZZkaLk5ZBG730DTLmhCv2kQtRpKE6N8o8zwczC2hh_hnM8pYK5GaFZ5VkD80cjkOUl-iFm1HEzwtuMkGZzPSHgjDxmZL_HE9696fI6tBmlpH8hK6ncv_vDV39sECXiEZ3tcIE3_c98ZhhknHrX_6QxoKldOZoQa4N8OQX0y9idboKCS41GUmyR9Ju1NtX3tEQm-yy6sr9eSbLN1quWlFDXUGVhrWW-u8oU1MJ1Yex7hHQXacb-kuK6oNUDn_yhAdKLyp68hUoNuU2VAfzIje_y3MtQxzptdtNryZm2Y-xym8Z35BQSfwTg3oR5_o05Vade5Da6XXNeb_RvqvNUQkBsPSuyLHIGTpHo_Ik2UNH4muAfX9KA%3d%3d%26c%3dXGerRY1glXKOazPF5g8mPysBudQDfMovUJYAmPaJPj2JCUAeQ9t8Yw%3d%3d%26ch%3d3TmGVZ-5IO9WCG8nGSIHS_t_cACr4y_DzK7lT6WMgRn1QSshomnHxQ%3d%3d" shape="rect" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">
BZS REEF WATCH REPORT</a> .</strong></div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Information on REEF Watch 2015 will be available in the Spring.</strong></span> </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-69686907719687054042014-10-20T14:32:00.003-03:002014-10-20T14:32:32.307-03:00Reef Watch - 2014 Annual Report<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUrGwnSf0ZXbZ6oqChyrUY7Q-o-f-61g3qIaW9J-vbE_w-d9R8u2-OiQW2X-5vFEc0Oy6CMroGSHIy3nn6NuoO-xnIlappGw6W1LzaOCMW9lorub3aQhyphenhyphenOPaVYwa2mM14LS8fyb9eUzwA/s1600/P1020314.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUrGwnSf0ZXbZ6oqChyrUY7Q-o-f-61g3qIaW9J-vbE_w-d9R8u2-OiQW2X-5vFEc0Oy6CMroGSHIy3nn6NuoO-xnIlappGw6W1LzaOCMW9lorub3aQhyphenhyphenOPaVYwa2mM14LS8fyb9eUzwA/s1600/P1020314.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The 2014 annual report of the <b>BZS Reef Watch</b> project can be accessed at this:<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8CaymnS_-FaS0lkR25NZEtnRWc/view?usp=sharing"><b>link to pdf file</b></a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-57285927741125265102014-09-04T16:55:00.000-03:002014-09-04T16:55:04.135-03:00BZS Reef Watch - Methods Manual<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix9IesBSsn5R4vfmXqAs1GUIMKdu5RXL5NyD3O2rnlMlFQgh3UGeaupy68wDJXUEDWX0OGhsEZDu08ZYt7luXQHPFTyoCtBosLHEfQb9AMTpiz7AZu7A-SGCt5ufBIUhHBqkTiW_h8S30/s1600/IMG_0020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix9IesBSsn5R4vfmXqAs1GUIMKdu5RXL5NyD3O2rnlMlFQgh3UGeaupy68wDJXUEDWX0OGhsEZDu08ZYt7luXQHPFTyoCtBosLHEfQb9AMTpiz7AZu7A-SGCt5ufBIUhHBqkTiW_h8S30/s1600/IMG_0020.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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The Reef Watch - Methods Manual is available as a pdf at this link: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8CaymnS_-FaQzdveXU3aUs0THM/edit?usp=sharing">LINK</a><br />
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<span id="goog_1799207778"></span><span id="goog_1799207779"></span><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-8320039932249102952014-05-02T11:02:00.002-03:002014-05-02T11:11:09.416-03:00Reef Watch 2013 - Report via open access (google drive)<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8CaymnS_-FadDBGVVlGWGdkWDA/edit?usp=sharing">Click on this link to view the Reef Watch 2013 Report - which can be downloaded as a pdf</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ocbFV56ijSXmarLUmiehrFWwScc0VhXCxEYXe5KnXR6hfwmcBSR9ZfzxmMgYNQKhyphenhyphenbP3QALRaIyPAmnYMvhnMOwK49PTIwwj5i1F3k3mW0p8JMP5y-DnDzEfX_A0FZHVDDQwgpduHUs/s1600/ReefWatchMasterMap-Ref.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ocbFV56ijSXmarLUmiehrFWwScc0VhXCxEYXe5KnXR6hfwmcBSR9ZfzxmMgYNQKhyphenhyphenbP3QALRaIyPAmnYMvhnMOwK49PTIwwj5i1F3k3mW0p8JMP5y-DnDzEfX_A0FZHVDDQwgpduHUs/s1600/ReefWatchMasterMap-Ref.jpg" height="247" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-34033486808257074012014-04-24T14:38:00.000-03:002014-04-24T14:38:03.228-03:00BREAM team receives a Catlin Marine Grant award to carry out 3 years of reef erosion studies <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlN1Ks0cIrgKWkIHg1KVxHqDLD0aiVWbD70vaSBAMvP3C1LVMpzPJXlcl7kFlQbp6qO83acE36odsVizFtUT-tPX2K2gt9fya3zTi5eTIFGPWjlSOmVRmQ2AAGkv3Q0SLmZDD3GGIF924/s1600/Diver+JJ3_0666.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlN1Ks0cIrgKWkIHg1KVxHqDLD0aiVWbD70vaSBAMvP3C1LVMpzPJXlcl7kFlQbp6qO83acE36odsVizFtUT-tPX2K2gt9fya3zTi5eTIFGPWjlSOmVRmQ2AAGkv3Q0SLmZDD3GGIF924/s400/Diver+JJ3_0666.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzDoMmcNTn184yWaKsPbqc9uo-1TUgctj36IXbZ8Y300NfbFQGDbulB7BbKw1gU5tD8-8EP9587ywMG9tYTaeyoSiGx4G16Zg1bX10JcdLNK6ia9X4EFYY-UNStI-Dz0hU6arb9DthqI/s1600/E2E+logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzDoMmcNTn184yWaKsPbqc9uo-1TUgctj36IXbZ8Y300NfbFQGDbulB7BbKw1gU5tD8-8EP9587ywMG9tYTaeyoSiGx4G16Zg1bX10JcdLNK6ia9X4EFYY-UNStI-Dz0hU6arb9DthqI/s400/E2E+logo.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<b>Catlin Marine Grant Awards Funds to Three Local Charities</b><br />
<br />
…funds will continue scientific research into Bermuda’s coral reefs, and tackle waste on Bermuda shorelines <br />
<br />
<b>Hamilton, Bermuda, April 24, 2013.</b><br />
<br />
The Bermuda End-to-End today announced three recipients for its new Catlin Marine Grant, a three-year initiative to support charitable programmes aimed at raising awareness of, and preserving and protecting Bermuda’s marine environment.<br />
<br />
“We are very excited to announce three local charities who will receive support from this new award,” said Graham Pewter, CEO and President of Catlin Bermuda. “The goal for the three-year life of the Catlin Marine Grant is to encourage projects which have measurable outcomes and are sustainable over time.<br />
<br />
“It was our wish, in creating this $100,000 grant, to support meaningful initiatives within the local charitable and scientific community. We are pleased to be able to fulfill this.”<br />
<br />
The Catlin Marine Grant evolved from the reef-mapping work undertaken by the Catlin Seaview Survey, a series of worldwide scientific expeditions launched by Catlin in 2012 to document the composition and health of the world’s coral reefs.<br />
<br />
“A total of nine charities made applications for funds from the Catlin Marine Grant,” said Anne Mello, Chair of the End-to-End Charitable Trust. “We were able to settle on three deserving projects, run by established organizations, which together meet the goals of the grant.”<br />
<br />
The three awardees were: the Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring Programme (BREAM) at the Bermuda Zoological Society; the Bermuda National Trust; and Keep Bermuda Beautiful.<br />
<br />
The largest award – which will span three years – will support BREAM, a scientific research effort to build detailed information about Bermuda’s coral reefs. Over the past several decades, there has been a dramatic decline in the health of coral reef systems globally. Bermuda is one of the few remaining locations with relatively healthy reefs, which serve as an important indicator of global reef health and provide a setting where reef plants and animals survive.<br />
<br />
In the past 5 years the BREAM team have mapped all coral reefs across the Bermuda Platform to a Geographic Information System database, and made its data available to the public.<br />
<br />
“The BREAM study dovetails well with the goals of the Catlin Seaview Survey,” said Mr. Pewter. <br />
<br />
Funding from the Catlin Marine Grant, he added, will develop local capacity to monitor the growth potential of Bermuda’s reefs, to determine local threats to reef growth and find ways to better manage these threats. The concentration will be on the outer rim of the reefs surrounding Bermuda.<br />
<br />
Two smaller grants were awarded to:<br />
The <a href="http://www.bnt.bm">Bermuda National Trust</a> to pay for 10 new special waste bins for fishing lines, as part of its Monofilament Recovery & Recycling Programme. Currently, there are 12 bins in use that control fishing line waste at popular onshore fishing locations. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.kbb.bm">Keep Bermuda Beautiful</a>, to support its “Washed Ashore Project” which consists of beach surveys to measure marine plastic stranded on Bermuda’s shorts and to create marine science educational materials to be used in Bermuda’s schools.<br />
<br />
The Catlin Marine Grant new initiative stands alongside the funds raised for other Bermuda charities by Catlin End-to-End participants in the May 3, 2014 Island-wide event. Each year, the event raises up to $250,000 to support local good works.<br />
<br />
<b>About the Catlin Seaview Survey:</b> <br />
The Catlin Seaview Survey is a pioneering scientific expedition revealing more than ever before the impact of environmental changes on the world’s coral reefs. The Survey aims to significantly expand the data available to scientists about global coral reef systems. The Catlin Seaview Survey launched in late 2012 with its groundbreaking scientific study of the Great Barrier Reef and in 2013 work was undertaken on Bermuda’s reef system.<br />
<br />
The 360-degree panoramic images taken by the Catlin Seaview Survey are being used to create a vital scientific baseline study of the reef that can be used to monitor change, as well as being used to reveal it to the world through Street View in Google Maps - in partnership with Google. More information about the Catlin Seaview Survey can be found at: <a href="http://www.catlinseaviewsurvey.com">http://www.catlinseaviewsurvey.com</a> .<br />
<br />
<b>About the Catlin End-to-End:<br />
</b>The <a href="http://bermudaendtoend.bm/">Catlin End-to-End</a>’s mission is to be Bermuda’s premier annual charitable pledge event, committed to promoting the happiness and well-being of our island community through all-inclusive activities. The event is organized by the Bermuda End-to-End Charitable Trust and sponsored by numerous local businesses. The 27th event will take place May 3. <br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-88562530842057208642013-11-21T15:41:00.000-04:002013-11-21T15:41:20.713-04:00Reef Watch 2013 - Report<div nbsp="" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;">
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/186104605/Reef-Watch-2013-Murdoch-Master" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Reef Watch 2013 - Murdoch - Master on Scribd">Reef Watch 2013 - Murdoch - Master</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/Thad%20Murdoch" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Thad Murdoch's profile on Scribd">Thad Murdoch</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.772922022279349" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_85171" scrolling="no" src="//www.scribd.com/embeds/186104605/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-2d168pbqm0lolog2mcr2&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-69589988378242439632013-11-21T14:33:00.004-04:002014-10-08T14:17:24.725-03:00The Reef Watch 2013 video<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="https://ytimg.googleusercontent.com/vi/j_iMPmVTsms/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/j_iMPmVTsms&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/j_iMPmVTsms&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-72172762335680226292013-09-09T14:22:00.001-03:002013-09-09T14:24:12.280-03:00Reef Watch 2013 - the printed press so far<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi452h12R_dWQmrn3UWmn6O21XTXA40T4X1WNqilMwqWjgpLXe_j7pO9ri21lYlo01ssLXOlxLWCLqPsC3_mS0PQP9myn8De70ZEMrrpHnq_b3gmYC-baNamyhGGNz5rl6Jowex78Rt5P4/s1600/159233.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi452h12R_dWQmrn3UWmn6O21XTXA40T4X1WNqilMwqWjgpLXe_j7pO9ri21lYlo01ssLXOlxLWCLqPsC3_mS0PQP9myn8De70ZEMrrpHnq_b3gmYC-baNamyhGGNz5rl6Jowex78Rt5P4/s320/159233.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #222222;">Underwater survey: Reef Watch teammates Caroline
Stockdale, left, and Bermuda Sun reporter Sarah Lagan, survey a reef located at
a reef system about eight miles North East of Spanish Point. </span>Photo from the Bermuda Sun - by Chris Burville</span></div>
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Click the headlines to see the original articles!<br />
<br />
<b><u>Royal Gazette</u></b><br />
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<a href="http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130819/ISLAND/130819739"><b>Volunteers wanted for Island’s first Reef Watch</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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By Jessie Moniz Hardy<o:p></o:p></div>
Published Aug 19, 2013 at 8:00 am (Updated Aug 18, 2013 at
11:02 pm)<br />
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<a href="http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130828/NEWS07/130829711"><b>More Reef Watch teams needed</b></a></div>
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By Alyssa Brewer</div>
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Published Aug 28, 2013 at 8:00 am (Updated Aug 27, 2013 at 11:17 pm)</div>
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<b><u>Bermuda Sun</u></b></div>
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<a href="http://bermudasun.bm/Content/LIFESTYLE/Lifestyle/Article/Want-to-help-with-reef--research--You-can-still-sign-up/9/230/69683"><b>Want to help with reef research? You can still sign up</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Sarah Lagan, Sub-editor/Writer<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p>Wednesday, August 28, 2013 8:40 AM</div>
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<a href="http://bermudasun.bm/Content/LIFESTYLE/Lifestyle/Article/Reef-Watch-raise-more-than--15k/9/230/69885"><b>Reef Watch raise more than $15k</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p>Sarah Lagan, Sub-editor/Writer</div>
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<o:p> </o:p>Wednesday, September 04, 2013 9:25 AM</div>
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<a href="http://bermudasun.bm/Content/LIFESTYLE/Lifestyle/Article/Reef-Watch-was-fun-and-useful---/9/230/69935"><b>Reef Watch was fun and useful......and volunteers are wanted all year round</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Sarah Lagan, Sub-editor/Writer<o:p></o:p></div>
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Friday, September 06, 2013 8:55 AM<o:p></o:p></div>
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<u><b>BerNews</b></u></div>
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<a href="http://bernews.com/2013/08/done-bermuda-zoological-societys-reef-watch/"><b>Bermuda Zoological Society’s “Reef Watch”</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://bernews.com/2013/08/countdown-to-bzss-reef-watch-event/"><b>Countdown To BZS’s “Reef Watch” Event</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://bernews.com/2013/09/recently-held-reef-watch-hailed-a-success/"><b>Recently Held “Reef Watch” Hailed A Success</b></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-78753241046658503962013-07-31T13:50:00.002-03:002013-07-31T14:00:26.946-03:00Reef Watch: Empowering citizens to monitor Bermuda's reefs and fishes<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwANhX15t4y8LCIGE7SfQbFEl0lKnSt-zrB1yX5KlgKBsfb74M132F5AmIQmkTY-COmL1P8iBTaBC84MU7Eb-pVzdnsmaNd0RGzhMuKkZKEriCWo1PHN-Ajm3T65FgoH7_hoACu3MGMVE/s1600/Reef+Watch+Logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwANhX15t4y8LCIGE7SfQbFEl0lKnSt-zrB1yX5KlgKBsfb74M132F5AmIQmkTY-COmL1P8iBTaBC84MU7Eb-pVzdnsmaNd0RGzhMuKkZKEriCWo1PHN-Ajm3T65FgoH7_hoACu3MGMVE/s320/Reef+Watch+Logo.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Bermuda’s coral reefs are vital to the persistence of our economy and wellbeing. Living coral reefs act as a self-healing protective sea wall, blocking storm waves from destroying our fragile limestone shoreline and the coastal infrastructure we built along its edge. Our tourism industry relies on the beauty and charisma of our island; contributed substantially by the many recreational and aesthetic opportunities provided by the coral reefs around us. An economic evaluation of the lagoonal reef, which represents half of the entire reef system, found that $750,000,000 to $1,250,000,000 are contributed to Bermuda’s economy annually by the reefs of Bermuda. It is strongly in our interests to ensure that the coral reef system that protects and sustains our lives is itself protected from the extensive harm that can be caused by bad human behaviour such as overfishing, dredging, shipping traffic and the global environmental threats of climate change and ocean acidification.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj076rzx7rucxXYNxZJs8c26JSHWwoD20C6w01-BxxaRcimRiWKJX8PfVzM47t4kLbXQQmyNuKj89EZZFNbvltJrjq47JFQAVySWdFNBZ_1Lv_DX4jBRhrf8lcBLsqsydtAZuDAPbShoVY/s1600/IMG_0001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj076rzx7rucxXYNxZJs8c26JSHWwoD20C6w01-BxxaRcimRiWKJX8PfVzM47t4kLbXQQmyNuKj89EZZFNbvltJrjq47JFQAVySWdFNBZ_1Lv_DX4jBRhrf8lcBLsqsydtAZuDAPbShoVY/s320/IMG_0001.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Creole wrasse flit over a healthy coral reef in the North Lagoon.<br />
[click photo to enlarge]</td></tr>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">Not only are our reefs critical to our survival, they are also extremely fragile. Coral reefs around the world have been in decline since the 1980s. Bermuda is literally one of three coral reefs left in good shape in the Caribbean, and the other two are now showing signs of decline.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbUdqkxlE1pv4stLlvEMk7ugHvSS2VN0G3AJooNTYBPFWafDofhBEcfiGq_8l8NY0T_UquZg9Q4DYV-QtSu5GAJSkV7pW5EBNz9lHzLH6qegzyoQl1C9eyqTXHRCHJcFfZCNsdItWt94E/s1600/Good+vs+Bad+Reefs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbUdqkxlE1pv4stLlvEMk7ugHvSS2VN0G3AJooNTYBPFWafDofhBEcfiGq_8l8NY0T_UquZg9Q4DYV-QtSu5GAJSkV7pW5EBNz9lHzLH6qegzyoQl1C9eyqTXHRCHJcFfZCNsdItWt94E/s320/Good+vs+Bad+Reefs.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the left is a healthy South Shore reef. On the right is an<br />
unhealthy reef in Bermuda located near a shallow polluted bay.<br />
Notice that the healthy reef has lots of structure and holes<br />
for fish to hide in, while the unhealthy reef is very flat<br />
and covered in algae, and with few places for fish to live.<br />
[click photo to enlarge]</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0.25in;">Bermuda’s coral reef ecosystem covers an
expanse of 750 sq. km. Despite this substantial extent, monitoring of coral
reef status and fish abundance used to only be assessed at a small number of
isolated locations, primarily at the east end of the island. It is impossible
to manage a large complex system like our coral reef when we have no idea of
neither its baseline state nor its continuing status through time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0.25in;">In order to
directly address the lack of information about the state of our coral reefs and
associated marine ecosystems, I started the Bermuda Reef Ecosystem Assessment
and Mapping Programme in 2004. Since then my team of Bermudian and international scientists and I have mapped and
quantified the distribution and ecological condition of coral reefs, seagrass
beds and other marine habitats across the entire Bermuda reef platform from the
shore to a depth of 130ft. The data collected by BREAM is unique, in providing
not only the only accurate map of the distribution of reefs as both submerged
rocks and as critical habitat, but also in providing the much-needed baseline
by which future resource management and conservation action can be guided and
assessed for success.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ieAv0HLUUAPEXJuRYRkaDGrTaLL1SSP9ZVAFTN_lBW-bvdBVik2FhdrY2wYzOPre2nnJBI0y6UFUgZYBoexj1NECmXADXRpOr-oG5F4TSrKy_XxulKjHSjOku3Ojb3jiK1egj3pZGv0/s1600/Coral+Cover+Index+Map+90.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ieAv0HLUUAPEXJuRYRkaDGrTaLL1SSP9ZVAFTN_lBW-bvdBVik2FhdrY2wYzOPre2nnJBI0y6UFUgZYBoexj1NECmXADXRpOr-oG5F4TSrKy_XxulKjHSjOku3Ojb3jiK1egj3pZGv0/s320/Coral+Cover+Index+Map+90.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">By surveying reef sites across the entire Bermuda reef platform,<br />
BREAM can determine the distribution of healthy and unhealthy<br />
reefs - the first step in managing impacts and restoring<br />
damaged areas. We also have assessed fish populations at all 180 sites.<br />
[click map to enlarge]</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">Moving forward it is vital that Bermuda’s
fishes and marine habitats are continually monitored for ecological health. It
is also of extreme importance that we make Bermudians aware of both the
vitality of Bermuda’s reef system, and its extreme fragility. The best way to
do so is to empower Bermudians to be able to accurately assess the condition of
coral reefs and fishes themselves, so they are no longer solely reliant upon
research scientists nor the government to provide the reef health information
that so directly affects all of our lives.</span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">Together we can build a growing
movement of interested citizen scientists who look after our favourite playground,
striving toward a clean, healthy and abundant ocean. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">For Reef Watch, my BREAM team have developed an inexpensive, simple,
non-invasive method for the monitoring of fish species and assessment of coral
health. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">Fish sightings can be recorded directly on the </span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">REEF WATCH</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="googqs-tidbit1">slate
that has been specifically designed for underwater use and includes a colour
guide to the target fish species.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwjfqB8Vti6yfYpTmy3cn_636ne1vwLGSfM-n3-t5VxrRNidm_jeb9ZzMnyYJUwfB_AUN365V8DhfVDdc7nW93hvHos54Wj5fBnvDXOvtjBktagVBJIXAMZ-85kl8930fZSsGSzDyI1qQ/s1600/Reef+Watch+Master+Map+MINI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwjfqB8Vti6yfYpTmy3cn_636ne1vwLGSfM-n3-t5VxrRNidm_jeb9ZzMnyYJUwfB_AUN365V8DhfVDdc7nW93hvHos54Wj5fBnvDXOvtjBktagVBJIXAMZ-85kl8930fZSsGSzDyI1qQ/s320/Reef+Watch+Master+Map+MINI.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A map of the 53 sites we will help Reef Watch citizen scientists<br />
survey for fish and reef health.<br />
[click map to enlarge]</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">All submitted data will be made available
on the BZS website (</span><a href="http://www.bzs.bm/"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">www.bzs.bm</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;"> ) and from this BREAM Blog (Bermuda Reef
Ecosystem Analysis and Monitoring Programme </span><a href="http://bermudabream.blogspot.com/"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">http://bermudabream.blogspot.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">). My team of Bermudian reef scientists will evaluate the volunteer results and compare the health metrics from their reef surveys with our past BREAM data from each reef site; making it possible to compare many
different reefs at any one point in time, as well as a single reef over
time.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">Stay tuned to the Reef Watch page [<a href="http://www.bamz.org/aboutreefwatch">here</a>], and watch the BREAM blog for more updates </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px;">after Cup Match </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;">on how to join the Reef Watch team of ocean scientists . Together we can protect the reefs and fishes, so they can keep our island beautiful and safe.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRayhAWVCbbLyzQDxfrXKZeD9frQSDwZG6lwJOZM262xDHDXdCcqrBWBtoVbz6bgTfU93D1lly_ubX8JxCG-Zlsog-I8XciguNQJYI8Fblat467se4GQOE1OGQEOjebqHLncaZa-PN8Ts/s1600/2008.07.13_ICRS+029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRayhAWVCbbLyzQDxfrXKZeD9frQSDwZG6lwJOZM262xDHDXdCcqrBWBtoVbz6bgTfU93D1lly_ubX8JxCG-Zlsog-I8XciguNQJYI8Fblat467se4GQOE1OGQEOjebqHLncaZa-PN8Ts/s320/2008.07.13_ICRS+029.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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Dr. Thaddeus Murdoch<br />
Chief Scientist - BREAM<br />
tmurdoch [at] bermudabream.orgUnknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-65145820932070362112012-09-12T12:00:00.001-03:002012-09-12T12:00:37.097-03:003D Photogrammetry of a brain coral<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<object width="320" height="266" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/vu9O_W_0-44/0.jpg"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/vu9O_W_0-44?version=3&f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/vu9O_W_0-44?version=3&f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/V1FpGk28sNc?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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These 2 videos show a 3D render of a small brain coral from Bermuda. The program Autodesk 123 Catch generated the 3D wireframe model from a series of 40 photographs, all in less than 15 minutes.<br />
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We plan to use this technology to measure coral growth in 3D, as well as develop 3D models of coral reef benthic communities from underwater photo or video sets.<br />
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Stay tuned for more 3D fun in the weeks ahead!Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-68289887008929851322012-08-13T16:34:00.001-03:002012-08-13T16:35:35.976-03:00Coral spawn!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAugoo9KLlYWXLPsMgYmuNK8kTMRjVtZaA7BRXeNq1m8kbXyWDSwNu9iFH0ueYQ6iIyVaNI8Z3zFp3h_YorqEfFFs6-E60-cvm8-ZliN8q2x9GHINwXsUKJNs7-BfSsPNG1Uw9dRApuLg/s1600/2012-08-13+03.57.32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAugoo9KLlYWXLPsMgYmuNK8kTMRjVtZaA7BRXeNq1m8kbXyWDSwNu9iFH0ueYQ6iIyVaNI8Z3zFp3h_YorqEfFFs6-E60-cvm8-ZliN8q2x9GHINwXsUKJNs7-BfSsPNG1Uw9dRApuLg/s320/2012-08-13+03.57.32.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGRRbQKs3p8g9ISUdtDaDeCBh1TCuuvDPu5VjkZwdijfGLRJSaXRAOsK5nYT-IBg_BaSMXesXPNho-UojAbIeOFv7eC8duOtbpJ2ufSA7WohSCHoPUViaBgWMEzHn0MJu7j0bd78rGEY/s1600/2012-08-13+03.57.47.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGRRbQKs3p8g9ISUdtDaDeCBh1TCuuvDPu5VjkZwdijfGLRJSaXRAOsK5nYT-IBg_BaSMXesXPNho-UojAbIeOFv7eC8duOtbpJ2ufSA7WohSCHoPUViaBgWMEzHn0MJu7j0bd78rGEY/s320/2012-08-13+03.57.47.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCMz4S6ovjjTcsTICKfjUySaKFSSodVpoZ7sl_ln31_xCv871LrXFvrHeDe58-6itSSte2KaegiWfKrFgo_UJdDTlLXV8vKfRtwzy9j13QX_DK8qLWxMsWvI9vj9-iGswjlNtGMfxYtE/s1600/2012-08-13+03.58.34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCMz4S6ovjjTcsTICKfjUySaKFSSodVpoZ7sl_ln31_xCv871LrXFvrHeDe58-6itSSte2KaegiWfKrFgo_UJdDTlLXV8vKfRtwzy9j13QX_DK8qLWxMsWvI9vj9-iGswjlNtGMfxYtE/s320/2012-08-13+03.58.34.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Here are some close-up shots of coral spawn we passed by out near Chub Beacon yesterday (Aug 12). Interesting how it forms striated streaks of dense and sparse planula. The large slick was many 100s of meters across. The entire lagoon was becalmed, presumably by mucus, and water clarity was much reduced. Photos (c) BREAM 2012 (Jessie Murdoch & Thad Murdoch)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-61187264437104978582012-06-01T12:47:00.002-03:002012-06-01T12:47:09.707-03:00A new B.R.E.A.M. logo<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTux-qkDnPfbzi0noLqVHjEVltakUnN7NsdrkKlUr6dr5VF2Gxp80mXJIrg1IGfJ6P8SCTrDmmZuMkzK9o6A7sKLjPiENKqRLeRCbR40W09jw2Uo1ebAp8Z7rNI2ULSDPXSJZ3xBwQSVU/s1600/BREAM_New_Logo_Master.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTux-qkDnPfbzi0noLqVHjEVltakUnN7NsdrkKlUr6dr5VF2Gxp80mXJIrg1IGfJ6P8SCTrDmmZuMkzK9o6A7sKLjPiENKqRLeRCbR40W09jw2Uo1ebAp8Z7rNI2ULSDPXSJZ3xBwQSVU/s320/BREAM_New_Logo_Master.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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We are moving on from baseline assessment of Bermuda's coral reefs and other marine habitats, and forward to focus on both long-term monitoring of critical marine habitats and national marine policy analysis.<br />
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To celebrate the exciting new agenda, we have changed our logo, and modified our name.<br />
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Our mission: To support the conservation of Bermuda's healthy marine ecosystem!<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-37752863880430402462012-05-23T11:05:00.002-03:002012-05-23T11:06:54.136-03:00Happy Bermuda Day - May 24th!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHMCnQVzE7Cgej_EScc2NT1XbHrskSnsEMRD7nz3rOgsA-0mpNMIH0pTXOG08gTlxu0-PcSq7M-dKB5575uLJ2W6u1YjJi4sLSFRxReEj7aU49XTdq7ejSADDlLnyN5vlrFrykwkHGJ0/s1600/EBCBaitBall.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHMCnQVzE7Cgej_EScc2NT1XbHrskSnsEMRD7nz3rOgsA-0mpNMIH0pTXOG08gTlxu0-PcSq7M-dKB5575uLJ2W6u1YjJi4sLSFRxReEj7aU49XTdq7ejSADDlLnyN5vlrFrykwkHGJ0/s320/EBCBaitBall.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Gray Snappers chase fry at the mouth of the natural tunnel at</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Eastern Blue Cut, a marine protected area.</span></div>
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Bermuda Day; the first day Bermudians "take the plunge" literally and go for the first swim of summer!<br />
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Have a great weekend out on the water, at the beach, or in Town at the Parade!Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-36937505713127798482012-02-02T15:05:00.001-04:002012-02-02T15:08:47.440-04:00PROTECTED SPECIES AMENDMENT ACT 2011 - updated 17th January 2012<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlxeJ_drx-kzQ_onN1-Giiv08q3se7_Um_djYgxcad-8NnZSH78fU7v3u2j7KajlNarXKR7DQXw9vTFz_4UeXfdeGIRGsPjCeeNZMlr5o9gs5lLYg46ZUd5IGJwl7uA1QXRl6lac60ZN0/s1600/ArchType%2528sm%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlxeJ_drx-kzQ_onN1-Giiv08q3se7_Um_djYgxcad-8NnZSH78fU7v3u2j7KajlNarXKR7DQXw9vTFz_4UeXfdeGIRGsPjCeeNZMlr5o9gs5lLYg46ZUd5IGJwl7uA1QXRl6lac60ZN0/s320/ArchType%2528sm%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">BERMUDA</span></b></span></div><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><br />
<div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">PROTECTED SPECIES AMENDMENT ACT 2011 COMMENCEMENT DAY</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">NOTICE 2012</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">BR 6/ 2012</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Minister responsible for conservation services, in exercise of the power conferred by section 9 of the Protected Species Amendment Act 2011, gives the following Notice:</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Citation</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This Notice may be cited as the Protected Species Amendment Act 2011 Commencement Day Notice 2012.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Commencement</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Protected Species Amendment Act 2011 shall come into operation on 20 January 2012.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Made this 17th day of January 2012</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Minister of Public Works</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">BERMUDA</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">PROTECTED SPECIES ORDER 2012</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">BR 7/ 2012</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Minister responsible for conservation services, in exercise of the power conferred by sections 5 and 5A of the Protected Species Act 2003, makes the following Order:</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Citation</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This Order may be cited as the Protected Species Order 2012.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Protected species</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The species of plants and animals set out in the Schedule to this Order are classified as critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable in accordance with the criteria set out in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) and are declared to be protected species.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Level of protection</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The species of plants and animals set out in the Schedule to this Order are classified as level 1, level 2 or level 3 in accordance with the criteria set out in section 5A of, and the Schedule to, the Protected Species Act 2003.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Revocation</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 18.0px; text-indent: -17.0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Protected Species Order 2007 and the Protected Species Notice of Intention 2011 are revoked.</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">SCHEDULE</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(paragraph 2 and 3)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">LEVEL 1</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Birds</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Petrel or Cahow <i>(Pterodroma cahow)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">White-tailed Tropic Bird <i>(Phaethon lepturus catesbyi)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (D1 + 2)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">White-eyed Vireo or Chick-of-the-Village <i>(Vireo griseus</i></span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>bermudianus)</i> (E)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (D1 + 2)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Common Tern <i>(Sterna hirundo)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Green Heron <i>(Butorides virescens)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Amphipods</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Idunella sketi </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Cocoharpinia iliffei </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Pseudoniphargus grandimanus </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Bermudagidiella bermudensis </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ingolfiella longipes</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Copepods</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Antriscopia prehensilis </i>(E)<i><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Erebonectes nesioticus </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Paracyclopia naessi </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Speleophria bivexilla </i>(E)<i> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Speleophriopsis scottodicarloi </i>(E)<i><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Nanocopia minuta </i>(E)<i><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Speleoithona bermudensis</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Isopods</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Atlantasellus cavernicolus </i>(E)<i><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Currassanthura bermudensis </i>(E)<i><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Arubolana aruboides</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Mysids</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Platyops sterreri</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Ostracods</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Spelaeoecia bermudensis</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Mictaceans</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Mictocaris halope</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Segmented Worms</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Phallodriloides macmasterae</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cave Shrimps</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Typhlatya iliffei</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Procaris chacei</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Barbouria cubensis</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Parhippolyte sterreri</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1 + 2C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ferns</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Governor Laffan’s Fern <i>(Diplazium laffanianum)</i> (E)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Shield Fern <i>(Goniopteris bermudiana)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B2)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Cave Fern <i>(Ctenitis sloanei)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Long Spleenwort <i>(Asplenium heterochroum)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (C2a)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Toothed Spleenwort <i>(Asplenium dentatum)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (B1a, b)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ten-day or Leatherleaf Fern <i>(Rumohra adiantiformis)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Finfish</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Longsnout Seahorse <i>(Hippocampus reidi)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Lined Seahorse <i>(Hippocampus erectus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A4c, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gag <i>(Mycteroperca microlepis)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A1b, d + 2d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tiger Grouper <i>(Mycteroperca tigris)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (A1d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mutton Hamlet <i>(Alphestes afer)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (A1d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nassau Grouper <i>(Epinephelus striatus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (A2a, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Snowy Grouper <i>(Epinephelus niveatus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A1d + 2d, B1 + 2e)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Freshwater Molluscs</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ancylus bermudensis</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Pisidium volutabundum</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (D)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Land Crabs</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Land Hermit Crab <i>(Coenobita clypeatus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Giant Land Crab <i>(Cardisoma guanhumi)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marine Mammals</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Humpback Whale <i>(Megaptera novaeangliae)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sperm whale <i>(Physeter macrocephalus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A1d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marine Molluscs</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Queen Conch <i>(Strombus gigas)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (B2a, biii)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Moss</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Campylopus <i>(Campylopus bermudianus)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (C)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Rays and Skates</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Spotted Eagle Ray <i>(Aetobatus narinari)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A2d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reptiles</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Skink <i>(Eumeces longirostris)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (B1, B2b, c, d, e)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Green Turtle <i>(Chelonia mydas)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (A1b, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Hawksbill Turtle <i>(Eretmochelys imbricata)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (A1b, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Loggerhead Turtle <i>(Caretta caretta)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN (A1a, b, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Leatherback Turtle <i>(Dermochelys coriacea) </i>(N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (A1a, b, d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sharks</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Whale Shark <i>(Rhincodon typus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU (A1b, d + 2d)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Terrestrial Snail</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Poecilozonites circumfirmatus</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (A2, B2a)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">LEVEL 2</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Finfish</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Killifish <i>(Fundulus bermudae)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Killifish <i>(Fundulus relictus)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">American Eel <i>(Anguilla rostrata)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">European Eel <i>(Anguilla anguilla)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR (A2bd + 4bd)</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Flowering Plants</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Red Mangrove <i>(Rhizophora mangle)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Black Mangrove <i>(Avicennia germinans)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Yellow Wood Tree <i>(Zanthoxylum flavum)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marine Molluscs</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Sand Scallop <i>(Euvola ziczac)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Calico Scallop <i>(Argopecten gibbus)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marine Plants</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Turtle Grass <i>(Thalassia testudinum)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Manatee Grass <i>(Syringodium filiforme)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Shoal Grass <i>(Halodule sp.)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Shoal Grass <i>(Halodule bermudensis)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Paddle Grass <i>(Halophila decipiens)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reptiles</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Diamondback Terrapin <i>(Malaclemys terrapin)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">LEVEL 3</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Flowering Plants</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Sedge <i>(Carex bermudiana)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wild Bermuda Pepper <i>(Peperomia septentrionalis)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wild Bermuda Bean <i>(Phaseolus lignosus)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Darrell’s Fleabane <i>(Erigeron darrelliannus)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Bedstraw <i>(Galium bermudense)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>EN</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">St. Andrew’s Cross <i>(Hypericum hypericoides)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CR</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Snowberry <i>(Chiococca alba)</i> (N) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Cedar <i>(Juniperus bermudiana)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Palmetto <i>(Sabal bermudana)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda Olivewood <i>(Cassine laneana)</i> (E) <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>VU</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Abbreviations:</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">CR= Critically Endangered</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">EN= Endangered</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">VU= Vulnerable</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">(E)= Endemic, only found in Bermuda</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">(N)= Native, indigenous to Bermuda and other places</span></b></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Made this 17th day of January 2012</span></span></div><div style="font: 9.0px Nimrod MT; line-height: 10.0px; margin: 3.6px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Times New Roman,Times,Serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Minister of Public Works</span></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-47123991363772894402011-12-23T11:54:00.000-04:002011-12-23T11:54:22.748-04:00happy holidays!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvIXNoq0l36p06FofU3jE8wqOaswGmqAebXX90aun740u5y3RL-cdQkqKfw64kha5zoRa4SfvNNZgk40axBJ5PU6g0qZFyiJwMaNm9nFY65OC5mUDjFw-1HqCDjRVSwSykM1BVF96gKws/s1600/2010_Seagrass_Hyatt_York+REDUX+141.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvIXNoq0l36p06FofU3jE8wqOaswGmqAebXX90aun740u5y3RL-cdQkqKfw64kha5zoRa4SfvNNZgk40axBJ5PU6g0qZFyiJwMaNm9nFY65OC5mUDjFw-1HqCDjRVSwSykM1BVF96gKws/s320/2010_Seagrass_Hyatt_York+REDUX+141.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-48363969300106948482011-12-09T14:26:00.000-04:002011-12-09T14:26:55.702-04:00Bermuda's deeper forereef dominated by corals<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy55tDcmnR16V-FFKKH4WEGKk1vw_kuNf7aQhbRHp6MZ5_9rEe4211NbOIR44_WFOCNBY_iLo5e26WvHYEWnxt-07NTjQnsTGfxZcc09fVGOQj7QyibGfd-q6TZoW_LQHfiSL3S0CI1Y/s1600/BdaDeepReefCorals.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy55tDcmnR16V-FFKKH4WEGKk1vw_kuNf7aQhbRHp6MZ5_9rEe4211NbOIR44_WFOCNBY_iLo5e26WvHYEWnxt-07NTjQnsTGfxZcc09fVGOQj7QyibGfd-q6TZoW_LQHfiSL3S0CI1Y/s320/BdaDeepReefCorals.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
BREAM is working up the data from the 24 deep reef video surveys we carried out last year using the RV Endurance and the drop-camera system we designed and built with funding provided by the UK Overseas Territories Environmental Programme. Preliminary results, and photographs such as the one above, indicate that coral cover is high, diseases are rare and the 150-sq km habitat between 30-40m depth remains in good ecological health.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-47387341515881498542011-11-17T14:57:00.000-04:002011-11-17T14:57:41.648-04:00Zebra Slug (Hypselodoris zebra)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhTzYhyphenhyphenZkWVImyeAqo0VdEd0Zk8jJofyurXdTV-h1S2H6PJ_qurMUOZpNz2jyk3SjD_tRJ5dQxehFrf7oi6mxZS6CqqctfYcSEETThtV0EIS7rlilhVqp3ZlmbU1hj95PzoDTVkSYnk2g/s1600/Zebra_Murdoch2010.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhTzYhyphenhyphenZkWVImyeAqo0VdEd0Zk8jJofyurXdTV-h1S2H6PJ_qurMUOZpNz2jyk3SjD_tRJ5dQxehFrf7oi6mxZS6CqqctfYcSEETThtV0EIS7rlilhVqp3ZlmbU1hj95PzoDTVkSYnk2g/s320/Zebra_Murdoch2010.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2064925818992168371.post-70586495695017886282011-10-20T12:55:00.001-03:002011-10-20T12:55:32.296-03:00Bermuda Environmental Charter<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_u1cIsZxrxwNVo9yXHnf83sfga6a0w6vRO9MJ5kVuziqw1K3j_qSzDYEQNaYqioHDaabVldUT4dDqY-HIEJInGJrmrT3zfhyEfhyphenhyphennfVpBgmA0uq4AMO14qGunnT4ZQynIsDQcH0wD-MA/s1600/AbundantCoral.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_u1cIsZxrxwNVo9yXHnf83sfga6a0w6vRO9MJ5kVuziqw1K3j_qSzDYEQNaYqioHDaabVldUT4dDqY-HIEJInGJrmrT3zfhyEfhyphenhyphennfVpBgmA0uq4AMO14qGunnT4ZQynIsDQcH0wD-MA/s320/AbundantCoral.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The Environmental Charter of Bermuda is a commitment between the United Kingdom and the Government of Bermuda to recognize the critical importance of a healthy environment to the welfare and future survival of Bermudians.<br />
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The <a href="http://www.ukotcf.org/">United Kingdom Overseas Territories Conservation Forum</a> posts the Environmental Charter for all overseas territories on it's website: <a href="http://www.ukotcf.org/pdf/charters/bermuda.pdf">http://www.ukotcf.org/pdf/charters/bermuda.pdf</a><br />
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The text of the Bermuda Environmental Charter is below:<br />
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ENVIRONMENT CHARTER FOR BERMUDA<br /><br />
Guiding principles<br /><br />
For the UK government, for the government of Bermuda∗ and for the people of Bermuda.<br /><br />
1.) To recognise that all people need a healthy environment for their well-being and livelihoods and that all can help to conserve and sustain it.<br />2.) To use out natural resources wisely, being fair to present and future generations.<br />3.) To identify environmental opportunities, costs and risks in all policies and strategies.<br />4.) To seek expert advice and consult openly with interested parties on decisions affecting the environment.<br />5.) To aim for solutions which benefit both the environment and development.<br />6.) To contribute towards the protection and improvement of the global environment<br />7.) To safeguard and restore native species, habitats and landscape features, and control or eradicate invasive species.<br />8.) To encourage activities and technologies that benefit the environment.<br />9.) To control pollution, with the polluter paying for the prevention or remedies<br />10.) To study and celebrate our environmental heritage as a treasure to share with our children.<br />Commitments<br /><br />
The government of the UK will:<br /><br />
1) help build capacity to support and implement integrated environmental management which is consistent with Bermuda's own plans for sustainable development.<br /><br />
2) assist Bermuda in reviewing and updating environmental legislation.<br /><br />
3) facilitate the extension of the UK's ratification of Multilateral Environmental Agreements of benefit to Bermuda and which Bermuda has the capacity to implement.<br /><br />
4) keep Bermuda informed regarding new developments in relevant Multilateral Environmental Agreements and invite Bermuda to participate where appropriate in the UK's delegation to international environmental negotiations and conferences.<br /><br />
5) help Bermuda to ensure it has the legislation, institutional capacity and mechanisms it needs to meet international obligations.<br /><br />
6) promote better co-operation and the sharing of experiences and expertise between Bermuda, other Overseas Territories and small island states and communities which face similar environmental problems.<br /><br />
7) use UK, regional and local expertise to give advice and improve knowledge of technical and scientific issues. This includes regular consultation with interested non-governmental organisations and networks.<br /><br />
8) use the existing Environmental Fund for Overseas Territories, and promote access to other sources of public funding, for projects of lasting benefit to Bermuda's environment.<br /><br />
9) Help Bermuda identify further funding partners for environmental projects, such as donors, the private sector or non-government organisations.<br /><br />
10) Recognise the diversity of the challenges facing the Overseas Territories in very different socio-economic and geographical situations.<br /><br />
11) Abide by the principles set out in the Rio declaration on environmental and development (See Annex 2) and the work towards meeting International Development Targets on the environment (See Annex 3).<br /><br />
The government of Bermuda will:<br /><br />
1) bring together government departments, representatives of local industry and commerce, environmental champions and other community representatives in a forum to formulate a detailed strategy for action. (See Annex 1).<br /><br />
2) ensure the protection and restoration of key habitats, species and landscape features through legislation and appropriate management structures and mechanisms, including a protected areas policy, and attempt the control and eradication of invasive species.<br /><br />
3) ensure that the environmental considerations are integrated within social and economic planning processes; promote sustainable patterns of production and consumption within the territory.<br /><br />
4) undertake environmental impact assessments before approving major projects and while developing our growth management strategy.<br /><br />
5) commit to open and consultative decision-making on developments and plans which may affect the environment; ensure that environmental impact assessments include consultation with stakeholders.<br /><br />
6) implement effectively obligations under the Multilateral Environmental Agreements already extended to Bermuda and work towards the extension of other relevant agreements.<br /><br />
7) review the range, quality and availability of baseline data for natural resources and biodiversity.<br /><br />
8) ensure that legislation and policies reflect the principle that the polluter should pay for prevention or<br />
remedies; establish effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.<br /><br />
9) encourage teaching within schools to promote the value of our local environment (natural and built) and to explain its role within the region and global environment.<br /><br />
10) promote publications that spread awareness of the special features of the environment in Bermuda; promote within the territory the guiding principles set out above.<br /><br />
11) abide by the principles set out in the Rio declaration on environment and development and work towards meeting International Development Targets on the environment.<br />
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THE RIO DECLARATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (1992)<br /><br />
Preamble<br /><br />
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,<br />Having met at Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992,<br />Reaffirming the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972, and seeking to build upon it,<br />With the goal of establishing a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of co-operation among States, key sectors of society and people,<br />Working towards international agreements which respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environment and developmental system,<br />Recognizing the integral and interdependent nature of the Earth, our home,<br />Proclaims that:<br /><br />
Principle 1<br />Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.<br /><br />
Principle 2<br />States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.<br /><br />
Principle 3<br />The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations.<br /><br />
Principle 4<br />In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it.<br /><br />
Principle 5<br />All States and all people shall cooperate in the essential task of eradicating poverty as an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, in order to decrease the disparities in standards of living and better meet the needs of the majority of the people of the world.<br /><br />
Principle 6<br />
The special situation and needs of developing countries, particularly the least developed and those most environmentally vulnerable, shall be given special priority. International actions in the field of the environment and development should also address the interests and needs of all countries.<br /><br />
Principle 7<br />States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.<br /><br />
Principle 8<br />To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, States should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and promote appropriate demographic policies.<br /><br />
Principle 9<br />States should cooperate to strengthen endogenous capacity-building for sustainable development by improving scientific understanding through exchanges of scientific and technological knowledge, and by enhancing the development, adaptation, diffusion and transfer of technologies, including new and innovative technologies.<br /><br />
Principle 10<br />Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level. At the national level, each individual shall have appropriate access to<br />information concerning the environment that is held by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in their communities, and the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. States shall facilitate and encourage public awareness and participation by making information widely available. Effective access to judicial and administrative proceedings, including redress and remedy, shall be provided.<br /><br />
Principle 11<br />States shall enact effective environmental legislation. Environmental standards, management objectives and priorities should reflect the environmental and developmental context to which they apply. Standards applied by some countries may be inappropriate and of unwarranted economic and social cost to other countries, in particular developing countries.<br /><br />
Principle 12<br />States should cooperate to promote a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to economic growth and sustainable development in all countries, to better address the problems of environmental degradation. Trade policy measures for environmental purposes should not constitute and means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Unilateral actions to deal with environmental challenges outside the jurisdiction of the importing country should be avoided. Environmental measures addressing transboundary or global environmental problems should, as far as possible, be based on an international consensus.<br /><br />
Principle 13<br />States shall develop national law regarding liability and compensation for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage. States shall also cooperate in an expeditious and more determined manner to develop further international law regarding liability and compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.<br /><br />
Principle 14<br />States should effectively cooperate to discourage or prevent the relocation and transfer to other States of any activities and substances that cause severe environmental degradation or are found to be harmful to human health.<br /><br />
Principle 15<br />In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.<br /><br />
Principle 16<br />National authorities should endeavour to promote the internalisation of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment.<br /><br />
Principle 17<br />Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national authority.<br /><br />
Principle 18<br />States shall immediately notify other States of any natural disasters or other emergencies that are likely to produce sudden harmful effects on the environment of those States. Every effort shall be made by the international community to help States so afflicted.<br /><br />
Principle 19<br />States shall provide prior and timely notification and relevant information to potentially affected States on activities that may have a significant adverse transboundary environmental effect and shall consult with those States at an early stage and in good faith.<br /><br />
Principle 20<br />Women have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable development.<br /><br />
Principle 21<br />The creativity, ideals and courage of the youth of the world should be mobilized to forge a global partnership in order to achieve sustainable development and ensure a better future for all.<br /><br />
Principle 22<br />Indigenous people and their communities, and other local communities, have a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development.<br /><br />
Principle 23<br />The environment and natural resources of people under oppression, domination and occupation shall be protected.<br /><br />
Principle 24<br />Warfare is inherently destructive of sustainable development. States shall therefore respect international law providing protection for the environment in times of armed conflict and cooperate in its further development, as necessary.<br /><br />
Principle 25<br />Peace, development and environmental protection are interdependent and indivisible.<br /><br />
Principle 26<br />States shall resolve all their environmental disputes peacefully and by appropriate means in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.<br /><br />
Principle 27<br />States and people shall cooperate in good faith and in a spirit of partnership for the fulfilment of the principles embodies in this Declaration and in the further development of international law in the field of sustainable development.<br /><br />
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Annex 3<br /><br />
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TARGET ON THE ENVIRONMENT<br />The International Development Targets have been agreed by the entire United Nations membership, following a series of summit meetings held by the UN and its specialised agencies over the last ten years or so. The meetings discussed progress in poverty reduction and sustainable development and set targets for measuring that progress.<br />The target for the environment is as follows:<br />There should be a current national strategy for sustainable development in the process of implementation, in every country by 2005, so as to ensue that current trends in the loss of environmental resources are effectively reversed at both global and national levels by 2015.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0